Sound editor for sound motion picture projector

ABSTRACT

A sound motion picture production and sound editing system in which film, packaged in a cassette containing a supply of processing composition can be automatically processed, projected and rewound, and with which a sound track on the film can be reproduced, recorded and edited by the user.

United. States Patent 1191 3,531,575 9 1970 Kobler ..274/4 0 Wray et al.Dec. 24, 1974 e SOUND EDITOR FOR SOUND MOTION 3,554,465 1/1971 Merukawa,274/4 1) URE PRQJECTOR' 3 3,609,844 10/1971 Ichikawa..." 274/4C3,641,282 1' 2/1972 Martin 274/4 D v Inventors: W1ll1am .R- Wray, B k Jp 3,662,121 5/1972 Cruger 274/4cx A. Stella, Peabody, both of Mass. Y H1 1 v {73] Assig'nee: Polaroid Corporation, Cambridge, primary 'i i ioQH Mags. Att0r r z'ey, Ager1t, or' Firm-+J0h1'1 W. Ericson' [22] Filed:June 28,1973

[21 Appl. No.: 374,700 I r ABSTRACT 52 US. Cl ..'3s2/'s, 352/5, 360/105A Sound motibn Pictur Production vand sound editing 51 1m. 01. 003031/00 System in which film, packaged. in a cassette o [58] Field ofSearch 352/5, 129; 274/4 c, 4 1); a up of P i composition can be t360/80, 5 matlcally processed, pro ected' and rewound, and w1th. I 1 vwhich a sound track on the film can be reproduced, 5 R f Cited Irecorded and edited by the user.

- UNITEDISTATES PATENTS- 11 Claims, 19 Drawing Figures FILM REEL oweMOTOR CONTROL cmcun' [7a POWER SUPPLY I 1 cAPsTaN MOTO 1 CONTROL 0 c1RCUIT SHEET 02 0F 10 v wt vi km Wm m um. mv ME G mm FATENTEUBEBWW sumounr 1o mtDUEQ 401F200 mohuwhmo 202.02

I IIIIII NHQK NNN

PATENTEU 152241974 SHEU D5 0F 10 kmN Pmmznmzmn i saw near 10PATENTEIJUEBZMQH sum mar 10 wE mmnmmmmm PATENTEU W 3.856.387

SWEU UBBF 10 AUDIO SYSTEM POWER SUPPLY /'333 PAWL AND 1H T; SHUTTER I330 332 Il= 3 v335 V32 CAM I v 3 REPLAY JL REPEAT I 08 F/GI /4 3 -tionand editing system.

' PROJECTOR This invention relates :to sound cinematography, and

particularly to a-novel sound motion picture produc- A self-processingmotion picture film drive and pro- "jection system is disclosed incopending US. applica- ,tion for Letters Pat. Ser. No. 227,080, filed onFeb. 17, 1972 by Edwin H. Land for Photographic System for Processingand Projecting Transparencies, and assignedto theassignee of thisapplication. The objects of this invention is to expand the capabilitiesof that system by the provision for. the addition'of-a sound track tothe film, together with apparatus for recording; erasin reproducing andediting a sound track on the film at the will of the user, l

Home movies have become a commonplace part of the conventional scene,particularly since itheadvent of v the relatively economical 8 mmformat. With the developrnent of the system described in the above-citedcopending U.'S. application Ser. No. 227,080;- the convenience ofproducing and-displaying motion pictures by i the amateur is greatlyenhanced by the addition of the self-processing facility. Thus, with theaid of the system -,.described in that application, motion pictures canbe projected substantially as soon as they havebeen ex posed in thecamera. v 1

L'Apparatus for the amateur production of sound m'o tion pictures.hasalso been available for a long time, but

. has not reached widespreadu'se. Aside from the com-- plexity and thecost of the apparatus, one major detriment is the extreme difficulty ofcomposing and producing a satisfactory audiovisual sequence. However,

an amateur motion picture could be greatly enhanced by the addition of asimple running commentary, a recorded musical background, or both. Aparticular object o'f the invention is to facilitate the addition ofsuch a sound track to a motion picture producedby the appa'ratusdescribed, in the above-cited copending U.S.

" 'application se .N '227,Q80 without requiring great skill andft'alenton the part of the user.

i The-cassette is adapted to be inserted in a-camera, for exposure ofthe film. After exposure, it isinserted into the motion pictureproduction and sound editing system of the invention. This systemincludes, in the console referred to, areceptacle shaped to receive thecassette, and cyclicdrive apparatus for manipulating the film in thecassette. The film is manipulated in a sequence determined by a signalprovided-by the cassette that indicates cessed. In response to theinsertion of the-cassette containing unprocessed film, the controlapparatus provided in the console manipulates the film in the cassettein'a light-' tight environment. That movement of the film activates theprocessor, developing the film to produce a series of fixed, visible,projectable images. Thereafter, the apthe motion picture followingitsphotographic processing, the film is rewound for storage and subsequentreuse. The cassette is then ejected. In response-to the in'-- sertionofa cassette containing processed film, the sysj Av particular feature ofthe invention is that soundv addedto a film sequence can bev readilyreviewed, and

I edited to correct itfor synchronization or content. More.particularly, the correction of recorded sound for volume, should'therecording microphone be too close to the source, or too far from it, forproper recording,

is facilitated. Because sound once erased from a magnetic recordingcannot'be recovered, it isa particular object of the invention toavoid-the inadvertent erasure of sound when editing is'n'ot desired.

Briefly, the aboveand other objects of the invention are attained by theconstruction'of ajnovel sound motion picture production and editingsystem comprising a console having a viewing screen and a loudspeaker,

. and provided with an external operator's control unit for. directingediting, reviewing the motion picture pro-, duction'.operations..A keyelement in the system is a re-- placeable film cassette. The cassettecontains a strip of film on which a sound recording strip'of magneticre-, cording material is formed. a supply of processing com-,

position for producing'projection transparencies from latent opticalimages 'on the film, andan internally programmed processor responsive tomanipulation of the. film in the cassette for applying the processingcomposition to thefilm after its exposure.

tem projects images on the film while reproducing sound recorded on thefilm, and then rewinds the film and ejects the cassette. I j Theoperators control. unit comprises a portable accessory connected totheconsole by a cable that per mits the user to operate the control unitwhile viewing the images projected on the screen and listeningto thesound recorded on the film. The control unit comprises two interlockedcontrol buttons. One of the controlbuttonsdirects the replay of a filmduring projectionfo'r a fixed minimum interval, or for.

any longerinterval selected by the operator, so that portions of thefilm'jand the sound recorded thereon can bereviewed. Thisreviewoperation facilitates editing, under the controlof the secondbutton.

o The second button has a first position, 'inwhich sound recorded on thefilm is reproduced by a loud speaker in the console, and a secondposition, in which sound is recorded on' the film while anythingpreviously recorded on the film is simultaneously erased. Theinterlocking feature prevents the operator from leaving the apparatus inthe record'and erase mode while the instant replay button isfoperated,which might cause the inadvertent erasure of previously recorded soundfrom the film. At the same time, therecord mode may be selectedwhilethe-operator is listening tothe sound recorded on the film andviewing the film, so that the film-may be edited;='beginni ng at anyselected point, by s the substitution of a new sound track for thatpreviously recorded. r

The manner in which the apparatus of the invention is constructed,andits mode of operation, will best be an exemplary embodiment thereof.

:In thedrawings.

'FlG. l is a schematic perspective sketch of an audio-- ing systeminaccordance; with the-invention;

whether or-not the film has been prounderstood in the light of thefollowing detailed description, together with the accompanyingdrawings-of plate liftingmechanism in FIG. '2 is a schematic elevationalview, with parts I shown in cross section and parts broken away, of thetially along the lines 22 of FIG. 1;

' FIG. 3 is a schematic fragmentary perspective sketch of a portion of acassette receiving receptacle in the producing and editing system ofFIG. 1, taken substan producing and editing system of FIG. 1, takensubstantially along the lines'3- 3 in FIG. 1;

I FIG. 4 is-a schematic plan sketch, with parts omitted, parts shownin-cross section, and parts broken away, of

a film cassette in accordance with the invention, shown in conjunctionwith a sound array forming a part of the I producing and editing systemof FIGS; 1, 2 and3;

I apparatus of- FIG. .1, shown in conjunction with a portion of acassetteIcooperatingtherewith;

FIG. 7isa-schematic fragmentary plan view, with parts shown in crosssection, parts omitted, and parts broken away, illustrating a portion ofthe producing and editing system of FIG. 1; I I I FIG. 8 is afragmentary schematic view of portions of the cassette andsound array ofFIG. 4, showing elements. of ,the sound array engaged with the film inthe cassette;'. I

FIG'. 9 is a fragmentary schematic planview, with partsomitted, partsshown in cross section, and parts broken away, of a-blinder mechanismforming a part of the apparatus of FIGS. 2 and 7, in one positionassumed during its operation;

FIG. 1 is a fragmentary schematic perspective sketch of alocating pinlatching mechanism forming a part of the apparatus of FIG. 7; FIG. 11 isafragmentary schematic plan sketch, with parts omitted, parts shown incross section, and parts broken away, of a locator pin and its actuatingmechanism forminga part of the apparatusof FIG. 7;

FIG 12 is a schematic cross-sectional elevation of a along the line12-12 in FIG. 7 and showing a pressure its cooperative relationship witha cassette; I FIG. 13 is a schematic block and wiring diagram of a camshaft and associated parts forming part of the apparatus of FIG. '7;

FIG. 14 is a schematic block and wiring diagram of control circuitsforming a part of the apparatus of FIGS. 1 and 7';

FIG. 15 is a schematic elevational view of a recording, replayandediting controlforming a part of the system of FIGQl; I

FIG. 16 is a fragmentary schematic view of a portion of the apparatus ofFIG. 15, with parts omitted and parts shown in cross section;

FIG.. 17 is a schematic fragmentary cross-sectional view ofa portion ofthe apparatus of FIGS. 15 and 16,

taken essentially along the lines l7--l7 in FIG. 16

FIG. I8 is a schematic fragmentary view of another portion of theapparatus of FIG. 15, taken essentially along the lines 18-18 in FIG..15; and I FIG. 19 is a schematic wiring diagram of sound recording,erasing .and reproducing apparatus forming a part ofthe producing andediting system of FIG. 1.

FIG. 1 shows the external cooperative-aspects of an audiovisual systemembodying the invention. The basic I elements of thissystem are acassette 1, adapted to be inserted in a pocket 2 formed in the'outerhousing 3 of a sound motion picture producing system generallydesignated 4. A translucent viewing screen 5, on which projected imagesat times appear, is mounted at the front of the housing 3. v I

As best shown .in FIG. 2, the pocket 2 has a floor 6 on which anaperture plate '7 is. mounted. The aperture plate 7 is adapted to extendinto the cas'settesuch as l and there register withthe film in thecassette. Light, supplied in a manner to'be'described, passes throughthe film, and thence over a path traversing a suitable framing aperturein the aperture plate 7, a cooperating recess. in the floor 6, a blinderhousing 8, to be described, and a conventional shutter 9, ma lens 10.The lens focuses an image of the portion of the film selected by theframing aperture on a mirror 11, whence it is reflected to the screen-5.I I

A speaker 12 is mounted'in the housing f the sys-' tem 4 at the frontand below the screen '5 as indicated schematically in. FIG. 2. Thespeaker 12 is at times energized to produce sound recorded on the filmin the cassette 1 ma manner to be described. For that purpose, a soundarray generally designated 13 is; mounted in the'housing 3' just behindthe'pocket 2, and commuportion of the apparatus of FIG. 7 takensubstantially nicates with a cassette in the pocket 2 through anaperture 14, FIG. 3, formed in anend wall 15 of the pocket 2. The soundarray l3 generaIly' comprises a combined recording, playbackand erasinghead 16, and a film drive capstan 17, mounted ona suitable supportgener-' ally designated. 18, and to be described in more detail below,so that it can be moved into and out of engage ment withfilm in thecassette 1. a

As shown in FIG. 1,an editing control unit generally designated 19 isremovably mounted on a stand 20 having a base 21. The control unit 19comprises a micro- I phone 22 mounted in a suitable housing 23 adaptedto be grasped in the hands of the user, and providedwith a replay pushbutton IPB and a two-position recordlisten push button RPB, constructedand arranged in a manner to be described in detail below. The unit 19 iselectrically connected to the base-21. of the apparatus by means of 'aflexible'cable 24, which may be continuously connected to a cable 25that electrically connects the remote assembly to the housing 3. Avolume control 26 mounted on the exterior of the housing 3 enables theuser to select the volume produced by the speaker 12 in a manner to bedescribed.

I As shown in FIG. 1, the cassette 1 is provided-with a number oflight-baffled openings, 30, 31, 32, 33 and, 34. These openings exposeparts adapted to cooperate with corresponding. parts of the film driveand projection system to perform various functions in thecassette. Thus,a drive sprocket formed on the takeup reel is accessible through theopening 30.- A similar drive sprocket formed on the supply reel isaccessible through the opening 31. Projection light is at times admittedto thecassette through the opening 32. A stop can enter, to brake asnubber roll forming a part of the cassette, through the opening '33.The opening 34 servesto admit a locating pin, forming a part of themotion picture producing and sound editing system to latch the cassettein position for manipulation, and to energize the producing and editingapparatus in a manner to be described.

through an opening 41.

I ducing and editing system of FIG/l.

A flange-35 is-tormed on the upper end of the casgsette 1. This flangeaids in graspingthe,cassette'while inserting it in,,or removing it from,the pocket 2. lt also helps to fix thecassette in position in theproducing and editing system, by

pocket 2 engagement with'the rimof the 1 Referring to FIG. 3, partsadapted to enter the openings in the.cassette 1 just'described at timesenter the pocket -2 through'corresponding openings in the side wall 36of the pocket. Drive sprockets for the supply and tak eup reels areadapted to enter through openings 37 and 38, respectively. 'A light beamfor projection enters through an opening'39. The locating-pin entersthrough an opening 40. The snubber roll stop enters In addition to theaperture plat'e 7 described above, the actuating arm'of a'normally openswitch S1 is movably mounted on the floor plate 6. This switch isadapted to be closed when a cassette is inserted in'the pocket 2,-forpurposes to appear.

A foot pedal 42 is movably mounted in the pocket 2- to be depressed bythe insertion of -acassette. The'foot pedal is connected to anactuatingarm extending through the floor plate 6, as will be described below.-

' FIG. 4'shows, in part fragmentarily and in part schematically, thepertinent elements of an internally programmed cassette 1 adapted forusein the system of the invention. Except as modified in a manner to bedescribedfthe cassette may be constructed in the manner describedindetail in theabove-cited US. application Ser. No. 227,080; I I

. Th'e cassette comprises a housing formed of any suitableopaqueinater'ial such as mtalgplastic, or the like, and preferablymanufactured in two cooperating parts.

The housing parts comprisea base plate 43 formed integral withsidelw'alls 44, 45, 46 and 47 The base plate 48extends' across the'baseof the side walls, and comprises one side of the housing, The walls 44,45, 46

and'47 extend at least in part about the periphery of'the base plate 43,and cooperate with interfitted walls,

shown'and described in the above-cited ULS. application.Ser1' No.227,080, formed-integrally with a cover generallyfdesignated[50. Thecover plate50 completes the upper side of the housingas seen in FIG. 4.

When the cover"50'is placed in position; it maybe formedinteg'raljwiththe base plate and side walls by heat sealing, or by a suitableadhesive, or the like. If of metal, the inter-fitting parts may beinterlocked with cooperating detents formed therein, in a mannerconventional and well known to thoseskilled in the art.

'. The base and cover parts form, when assembled, the end flange 35 thatserves to support and locate the cassette'l in either a camera, or inthe motion Rotatably disposed-within the cassette housing is a picturepro-- 53 reenters the housing through a second light-baffled 6 ventionalannular flanges, such as 55, formed .on' the upper surface of the flange52 (FIG. 4), and cooperating with corresponding coaxial'flanges, notshown, on"

the inner side of the plate 50. The lower flange of the reel 51 may beformed in a conventional manner with a cylindrical axial opening toreceive a cooperating -axle, not shown, formed integral with the baseplate 43.

Initially, the film 53 is in its unexposed state and coiled primarilyabout the supply reel 51. It is shown in FIG. 4 in the position assumedas it nears the end of its movement away from the. supply reel, astoward the hausted from the .reel 51. v

In its path from the supply'reel 51, the film 53 first encounters abobulator roll 56. The film engages a portion of the periphery of thebobulator roll, as shown, and passes therefrom into a suitably lightbaffled sound 'end of exposure in a camera, in which itis nearlyexrecording and reproducing station generally designated I 57. The soundstation terminates with the passage of the film 53 over a backuproller58. The film'is'. at times n a t e sem n. 17m s sysh the against therolIer 58,whereupon the filmis driven smoothly through the soundstation,as will appear. I

t The roller 58 is journalled'for rotation in the cassette housing. Fromthe roller 58, the film 53 passes through film processing means, tobe-described below. In addi-. f

- Beyond its path throughthe. film processing means,

the film 53 extends through a conventional lightbaffled apertureschematically indicated at 61- and forming a portion'of a film gate inthe housing. Thefilm aperture generally designated 62 and comprising asecond portion of the film gate.

- The film 26 next passes over a conventional snubber roll, generallydesignated63, and finally passesto a takeup reel generallydesignated 64,comprising aspool portion to which the takeupreel endof the film is con-1 nected, and in FIG. 4. In addition to parts corresponding to thoseparts deaboutwhich the film is wound as suggested scribed in connectionwith the supplyreel- 51, the takeup reel 64 comprises an external upperflange 65 protruding beyond the maximum radius of the film 53 whensubstantially stored on the takeup reel. On the supplyreelgenerally-designated 51. Thereel 51 is pro- 'vided with an upperflange 52.'and' acorresponding lower flange, not shown, to guide a filmstrip 53 as it is wound about the spool portion of :the reel 51, not

shown,.to which one end of the film strip 53 is attached.

A sprocket schematicallyindicated at 54 may be formed .inte'gralwith thereel 51 to adapt the 'reelto be driven about its axis of rotation.Access to the sprocket 54 may be provided through the aperture 31 in thecover plate 50(FIG. l), light-baffled by suitable conflange is'formed asuitable drive sprocket 66, by

means of which the film can be selectively advanced in i a manner to bedescribed. I v

' The-bobulator may be of any conventional construction suitable for-theperformance of the known function of isolating the film drive pawlassociated with thecamera from the inertia of the supply reel 51'.However, I

it is preferably of theform shown, in which the bobulator roll 56 isfilm.

The pin is formed integral .Witha support 71 of plastic .or the like.The support7l is journalledto thebase" plate 43 by means of a pin72'formed integral with the base plate, and biased by a spring73- formedintegral with the support 71. The spring 73 acts against a post 74formed integral with the base plate 43. The

joumalled on a pin 70 for rotation by the i bobulator roll can thus andmove backwards and forwards in the directions of .the doublearrow,jshown in FIG. 4.

both rotate about the pin 70,

a The bobulator rollresponds to increases or decreases in. the tensionof the film 53 by temporarily'shortening orlengthening the film path,respectively.- Such changes in film tension are produced by theactuation of the'film drive-pawl in the camera, and are determined bythe inertial forcesexerted by the supply reel 51, together witha-largeror smaller supply of film that may be on its at any given time. Bythatarrangement,

as the film'is advanced incrementally by the pawl asso ciated with thecamera, it can rapidly move the bobulator roll against the spring 73withoutimmediately af-- 'fecting the supply reel, which can then more orless I gradually allow the bobulator roll to relax while supplying thesegment. of film takenby the pawl. As menposure or projection purposes.The cooperation be-.

tween the'snubber roll 63 and the takeup reel .64 is conventional, butwill be briefly described.

The drive sprockets 54 and 66 of. the supply and takeup reels 51, and64, respectively, are adapted to be engaged by corresponding drivesprockets comprising apart of a camera, or of the producing and editingapparatu's to be described. In the producing and editing apparatus, bothsupply and takeup reels are adapted to be driven through slip clutches.In the camera, only a drive for the takeup reel need be provided. Thisdrive comprises a slip clutch connected to a sprocket driving the takeupreel drive sprocket 65, in cooperation with a drive pawl forsequentially engaging a series of the t'ionedabove, thefilm is drivensmoothly through the sound stationby the ca'pstan 7, so that thebobulator functions only as an'idler in the motion picture producing andsound editing systemof the invention.

A lightti ght shield around the film gate formed by the apertures 61 and62 is formed by a wall portion 75 formed integral with .the basesplate43 and made inte- 'gralwith the cover plate 50after assembly of theparts in the manner described above. An exposed chamber behind the film53 is thus formed for the'purpose of ad- -mitting projection light;

The apparatus forthis purpose is conventional, and will only briefly bedescribed. In short, it comprises a prism ge-nerally desi'gnated 76 andcomprising a mirror, not shown, but disposed at 45 to the plane of FIG.4. As schematically indicated, the prism'76 is mounted betweenextensions 77 formed on the wall 75.

Light enters the cassette through the port 32 formed in the cover plate50in directions-normal to the plane of F 16. 4. The mirror in the prism76 directs this light downwardly through the film 53 in the film gatefor the projection of (H0. 2); i

"Also disposed in the chamber bounded by the wall imageson the filmthrough'thelens 10 member 75 and the filmpassing through the film gateis a conventional pressure plate 78, located between the prism-and thejfilm, and biased bya'spring'79 into engagement with the film. The spring79 is supported and retained by suitably shaped extensions of thesupport wall 75, as shown.

" The pressure plate serves in the conventional manner to cooperate witha camera, by'locating the focalplane of the film during exposure. Anaperture, not shown, is provided in the pressure plate 78, to pass lightentering through the prism assembly 76 through a selected The snubberroll 63 may also be of entirely conventional construction. Asillustrated, it is provided with a ihub portion schematically indicatedat 82 that is adapted to protrude through the suitably light-baffled)aperture 33 in the cover panel 50 for engagement by a stop member,comprising a part of either the camera or of the motion pictureproducing and editing system. The stop member engages the snubber rollwhen the film is to be incrementally advanced by a pawl for exengagementwith the stationary snubber roll 62 and sprocket holes, 38 formed in thefilm 26, along a portion of the edge of thefilm in the film gate betweenthe. aperatures 60 and 61.

When the snubber roll '62 is stopped'by engagement of the hub 82 asdescribed above, operation of either the camera or of the production andediting system to incrementally. advance the film towards the takeupreel, by engagement ofa pawl with the sprocket holes in the film 26,will momentarily loosen the film fromallow the slip-clutch driving thetakeup reel 63 to takeupthat. increment of '-the film advanced by'the Ipawl; Between engagements of the pawl, the slip clutch prevents thetakeup reel from advancing the film. v

" In the production and editing system to be described,

the snubber roll 63 is engaged only while the film is to beincrementally advanced onto the takeup reel. When the film is rewoundonto the supplygreel, the snubber roll 63 is disengaged and acts as anidler. As will appear, that may occur either during the processing ofthe film while rewinding, or during subsequent rewinding of theprocessed film after projection. I

The film processing means may be as described in the above-cited U.S.application Ser. No; 227,080, except as modified in a manner to be'described. As shown in FIG. 4, the apparatus generallycomprises wall meanscomprising portions of, or formed integral with, the base plate 43' andthe cover plate 50, which serve to guide, support and house the variouselements of the processing apparatus to be described. These walls forman.outer film composition containing housing generally designated83,'defining a chamber in which there is I film 53.

Principally located below, but in part surrounding,

mounted an initially sealed container of processing composition as fullydescribed in the above-cited U.S.

application Ser. No. 227,080. The container 83 com-v municates with acoating nozzle generally designated the plane of the 85. These elementsare mounted above the film 53 is a pressure pad generally designated 86.

The pressure pad is acted on by a spring, generallydesigna'ted 87, asfully described in the above-cited U.S.

application Ser. -No. '22 7,080.

- -The basic elements of the processing station further comprise acombined metallic pressure pad deflection can and nozzle'clo sure valveassembly generally designated 88, and the pair of electrical terminals59 and 60 mentioned above. The terminals 59 and.60 are bridged by thevalve assembly 88 before the film is processed to provide a lowimpedanceelectrical signal. The valve assembly 88 is moved after the film isprocessed to open the circuit path between the terminals 59 and 60 toproduce a high impedance between the terminals 12 ally designated 92. 1

. thereafte a fully descr'ibed.in,U.S.application Se N- 27,080. I i L Apod 0f, processing composition within the -con-- tainer83 is initiallysealed by one end of .a tear-tab generally designated 89. The tear-tab89 extends from sealing engagement with the plastic pod of processingcomposition inthe container 83, out through a suitable slot in thecontainer 83, and over a roller 90 in the cassette housing to an end 91connected to a release arm gener- Therelease arm 92 may be adapted toengage one of a set of teeth 94 formed on i the flange 52, andcorresponding teeth formed on the lower flange of the supply reel 51.The arm 92 is secured at one end to a pin 95 that is adapted to slide incurved guide slots such as 96-, one formed inthe base plate 43, and'the.other, not shown, in the cover plate 50. A hook 97 on the release arm92extends through a suitable aperture intheftear-tab 91. When the supplyreelzis' rotated counterclockwise as seen in FIG.4, as

} ,during exposure ofthe film in the camera, the hook 93 .formed on thearm 92 is not engaged by the teeth 94,

but. is simply. brushed up into engagement with a fixed I support 98secured to the base plate 43. Onthe other hand,,-when the supply -reel51 is first rotated clockwise formed of thin sheet spring metal, bentover at one end 93 to form a hook as seen in 11 10.4, as to rewind thefilmonthe supply reel, one of the teeth'94 catches the hook 93 anddrives the arm 92 downward under the guidance of the slots 9. Pullingthe tear-tab89 partly out of thecontainer 83a'nd releasing theprocessing composition in the manner fully described in the above citedcopending 4 US. applicationiser. No. 227,080. The arm92 will carry thetear-tab downuntil it is moved out of engagement with the supply reel 51as the slot 96 diverges from the path of the teeth 94. This arrangementrethe fact that once the'film is exposed, it willl not be rewound on,the supply. reel; until'it is desired to process ified bythe provisionof a first aperture-99, adapted to,

receive the sound head 16, and asecond aperture100, adapted to admit thecapstan'l7 and to permit the escape of a small loop of'film in a mannerto bedescribed. A container 83 and walls such as 75 in the lower side ofthe cassette housingser've as light shields for the openings 99 and '100 over that region of the eassette. Additional light baffles suggestedas ribs 101 and a wall 102 defining the upper end of the sound station57 serve to provide light. baffles for film beyond that station in theupper directions.

A backup spring generally designated 102 is mounted behind the film inthe sound station 57. The spring is formed with one end bent overasindicated at 103 and there secured to the base plate 43. An extendingarm 1040f the spring carries a pair of raised film engaging portions 105and 106 that serve to receive and support the film 53 as the head 16 ismovedinto engagement with it in a manner to' be described. Spacing ofthe raised portions 105 and 106 causes a desirable partial wrapping ofthe film 53 aroundthe sound head 16.

As in the photographic-system described-in U.S. ap-

. plication Ser. No. 227,080, the system of the invention makes use of aphotofinishing process in which the strip places themore'complexmechanism described inthe .cited US. application Ser. No. 227,080, andrelies on As indicated, the end wall 44 of the cassette 1 is mod- 1tacted with aisingle processing compositionto form a finishedtransparency from the latent image or images formed on the film duringits exposure. .In order to pro vide sound recording'andreproducingcapabilities, a magnetic sound track is provided along oneor'both edges of the-film, as will next be described with reference toFIG. 5. a

As shown in FIG. 5, the film strip 53 comprises a I leader 110terminating at an end formed with an aperture: such as 111'. Theaperture '14 servestoconnect that end of the film to the takeup reel64.-

Behind the leader, which may be in the neighborhood of 18inches'inlength, there is a strip 112 of photographically useful film,upon which projectable images may be formed. The strip 112 may be, forexample, ap-

proximately feetin length for 8 mm film.

Following the photographically useful portion of the film is a trailerregion generally designated 113. The trailerll3 terminates at anotherend-formed with an aperture 114 by means of which that end of the filmis adapted to'be connected to the supply reel 51.

. The film 53 may comprisea base of any suitable transparent material ofthe kind conventionally. used for film bases. Onthis base is applied, atleast over the central portion of the photographically usable length ofthe film 112, an emulsioncomprising a photosensitive coating, whereon aseries of latent images illustrated by a series extending from a firstframe 115 to a last frame 116 maybe formed with a camera. Thephotosensitive coating is preferably ofone of the forms, next to bedescribed, which can subsequently be processe'd'to form I -taming itsdeveloped negative'image This highly desirable feature is madepossibleby a developed negative image having low'covering power. g

In typical silver transfer reversal processes for the projection ofblack and white images, a silver halide deof film 53, following exposureinthe camera, is conveloper-anda silver halide-solvent are-applied in an9 aqueous alkaline solution to a photoexposed silver halide emulsionstratum, where they develop exposed silver halide to silver, and reactwith unreduced silver halide to form a soluble silver complex. Thiscomplex, in

order to form a positive print, is transferred and rewhich the silverhalide stratum'has been superposed In one practice, in the completion ofthis process, the silver-receptive and silver halide strata have beensepaduced to silver on a silver-receptive stratum upon rated in order torender the positive print visible. l-lowever, as indicated'above, thepositive print maybe rendered visible without separation of the silverhalide and the silverreceptive' strata. For. example, the.-silver-,

receptive stratum may be so constructed as to provide anunusuallyvigorous silver precipitating environment which causes thesilver deposited upon it, in comparison with silver developed in thesilver halide stratum, to possess very high covering power, 'i.e.,opacity fora given mass of reduced sil simplification of ver, If thesilver halide is in such a concentration as to give rise only when-fullydeveloped to a predetermined low maximum density, and if the silvercomplex is reduced to silver in a vigorous silver precipitatingenvironment,-the resulting negative and positive prints in superpositionprovide a composite print thatpresents a good image for projectionpurposes so long asthey are contained on atransparent support. Since thesilver halide stratum and the silverreceptive stratum need notbeseparated, an overall the silver transfer reversal process is achieved;2

,A composite "film assembly of this type, as well as processingcompositions for producing a fully developed black'andwhite imagewithout the necessity of removing the developed negative image afterprocessing, areshown'in U.S. PatiNo. 2,861,885 toEdwin H. Land, whichissued on Nov. 25, 1958, for Photographic Processes and Products. Othercomposite film assemblies capable of producing developed full colorimages 7 without the necessity of removing-the developed emulsion areshown in U.S. Pat. Nos. of Edwin H. Land,

2,726,154,.issued Dec. 6, 1955, for Photographic Prodnot, and2,944,-894,issued'.luly'12,1960, for Photographic Processes UtilizingScreen Members. ..It should be noted that the invention is not directedto. the chemistry by. which images are developed in a photosensitiveemulsion and transferred to an image .receiving stratum. However, in thepracticeof the invention, whether the film employed is black and whiteto Pro; 4, the film s3 is formed along different soun ro e 12- when thethat his cassette should be replace The film drive system for projectionpurposes is provided with a double pawl, comprising two integral pawlsspaced 'apart by one frame length, each pawl being of the same shape asthe single pawl in the camera. When the first elongated aperture 118 isencountered, the leading pawl of the pair serves to engage the leadingedge of the aperture 11810 cause the film to be advanced withoutinterruption. For normally spaced sprocket holes-117, both of the pawlsengage the film in sequential sprocket holes. However, when the secondelongated sprocket hole 119 is encountered, the pawls'will pass throughit without film engagement,.and thereby terminate film advance in thesamemanner as did the single pawl upon engagement" of the doubleter'vals, adapted to coopera'te with adrive pawl, in amanner-to'bedescribed, in either camera or projector,

for incremental advancement of the film. The series of sprocket holes1l-7Ja'djac'ent the trailing end of the film may be interrupted by afirst elongated sprocket hole 118. This elongated hole 118 may span, forexample,

. two of the sprocket holes 117.

' Further along the film in the direction of the supply reel'end, theseries 'of sprocket holes 117 is again inter- I rupted by a secondelongated sprocket hole 119, longerthan the sprocket hole 118 and, forexample, spanning three of the sprocket holes 117. As will appear, thefirst elongated sprocket hole 118 establishes an exposure end point inthe'camera, whereas the second sprocket hole 119 determines a filmtakeup termination point in the producing and editing apparatus to bedescribed. Basically, termination of film advance at the first elongatedsprocket hole 118 is attained by the use of a singledrive pawl in thecamera, which sequentially engages'the sprocket holes 117 to advance thefilm by one frame length in a conventional manner. Toward the end ofeach suchadvance stroke, as is conventional, the pawl iscammed'down outof engagement with the film. When the single pawl engages the elongatedaperture 118, the camming down movementoccurs before the film engagesthe leading edge of the elongated hole.

The pawl may cycle repeatedly thereafter without further advance of thefilm. This serves to effect a termination of film advance for thepurposes of exposure adjacent the end of the region of photographicallyuseful length sprocket hole 118.

Formed on the trailing end 113 of the film 53, beyond the exposureadvance termination portion just described in the direction of thesupply reel end ofthe film 53, is a detent engaging element here shownas an aperture 120 formed in the film; adjacent which a projecting bump121 is formed, as by pressure, heat'and pressure, or'the like. Theedge-of the bump 121 forms a hook adapted to'engage a detent in the formof a process control actuating element,- tobe described, as the film ismoved with respect to the detent in the direction of the takeup reel.

Formed on the leader end 110 of the film 53 is'an- I trudeslightly abovethe surface of the film 53, and

serve two basic purposes in thesystem of the invention. 'First, when thefluid'is processed as to be described, it is initially wet over theuseful emulsion region as it is transferred from the processing' stationto the-supply reel. The rails serve to keep the wet surfaces'of theemulsion from contacting the dry base surface of the film as it is woundon the reel. The use of the rail 123 as a recording surface also makesit possible to main- 7 tain contact between the sound track and thetransducer head withoutexerting pressure on the emulsion side of thefilm.

A capstan wear pad. 125, of plastic or the like, is'preferably cementedto the trailing end 113 of the film behind the bump, on the, side wherethe rails 122 and 123 are located. This wear pad 125 prevents thecapstan 17 a.

from wearing a hole through the film 53 under conditions to bedescribed.

The manipulation of the filmin the cassette 1 to pro- I cess it after ithas been exposed is fully described in the above-cited 'copending U.S.application Ser'. No. 227,080. However, in order to visualize thisprocess in conjunction with the sound recording and reproducingemulsion, to alert the photographer, by the somewhat features of thesystem'of the invention, itwill next be briefly described with referenceto FIGS.-1-5.

Referring to FIG. 4, it will be assumed that an initially unexposedstrip of film 53 stored primarily on the supsprocket hole 118' in thefilm (FIG. The tear-tab 89 and 'its release mechanism ,will be in thepositions shown in FIG. 4, withthe hook 93 against the stop Next, assumethat operation is continued by further rotation of the takeup reel 64counterclockwise, as seen in FIG. 4, to bring the film 53 farther ontothe takeup reel. During this rotation, the supply reel 51 will movecounterclockwise in FIG, 5, causing the teeth 94 to pass the hook 93without effective engagement therewith. r

FIG. 4 shows-the parts of the coating station in' their initialposition, which is maintainedduring exposure of -ply reel 51 has beenexposed in a camera, so that it has i been advanced onto the takeup reel64 to the exposure termination point determined by the first elongatedthe filmand during a portion of the first increment'of motion justdescribed, from'the exposure termination point toward the secondtermination point in which the film'is substantially exhausted from thesupply reel, and. in which the second elongated sprocket hole 119-inFIG. 5 will be encountered. During the interval of travel between thosepositions, and prior thereto, the

cam and nozzle closure plate assembly 88 is detachably held in place inthe manner described in copending -U.S. application ser. No. 227,080,and a' film engaging hook, 142 formed on the assembly 88 is lightlyengaging the base of the film 53;

' ,The pressure'pad 86 is initially held in placeby engagement of anintegrally formed hook 143 with a detent formed on the end of the spring87. In that posi-' tiori', the'end of the-pressure 'pad86 lightlyengages the base of the fi-lm 53a'n'd earsl44 formed on thepreSsure padare in engagement with a ledge formed on a wall segment 145 formedintegrally with the wall 75."

I The parts of the coating-station will remain in the position shown inFIG. 4' until, during the further advance of the film 53 towards thetakeup' reel, the-film engaging bump '121 approaches and engages the endof the pressure'pad' 86. When that occurs, near the second terminationpoint established by the second elongated hole 119 in the film (FIG. 5),the bump 121 willmove the pressure pad to the left in FIG. 4', to aposition in which the ears 144 have movedout of engagement with theledge on the'wall 145', and upwardly under the influence of the spring87. The pressure pad 86 will swing up into engagement with the film 26and carry the emulsion side of the film into coating engagement with thenozzle 85, as described in the above-cited copending US. applicationSer. No.'227,080.

Next, assume that the first rewind operation is begun,

. by rotating the supply reel 51 clockwise in FIG. 4, to I advance theteeth such as 94 towards the book 93 on the release arm 92. Furtherclockwise movement of the reel'SI will cause the teeth 94 to drive therelease arm 92 downwardly and to the left in FIG. 4, pulling the teartab89 to release processing composition to the coating nozzle 85 Thecomposition will then be uniformly coated on the emulsion side of thefilm 53.

sition is substantially exhausted, and the film is stored substantiallyall on the supply reel 51. Toward the end of that operatioii, theaperture 124 (FIG. 5) will approach and engage the hook finger 142formed on the valve and cam assembly 88.

As the film 53 continues to move onto the supply v reel,'engagement ofthe. aperture 124 in the film with the spring arm 142 will carry the camand valve member 88 to the right of the position shown in FIG. 4,bringing cams formed on the member 88 into contact with the pressurepad-86 in the region of the ears 144, with'the cam assembly 88 beingguided by the ears 144, as the assembly 88moves to the nozzle closingposition.

Movement in this direction will continue to move the assembly 88 to theright, as it goes to a position in which the end of the valve assembly88 closes the nozzle 85. The cam assembly. 88and pressure pad 86 arethen latched in a finalposition as described in U.S. ap-. plication Ser.No. 227,080. I r

During its movement from the position shown in FIG.

4 to the final position just described, the cam-and valve assembly 88disengages the contacts 59 and 60,. and thus providesa signal indicatingthat the film has been processed. I FIG. 6 schematically illustrates thefilm advance pawl mechanism in operative relation to the film 53 in acassette I inserted in the pocket 2 of the producing-and editing system(FIG. 3), with the film gate in registry ert ure 133 formed in the floorplate 6 and thence through a slot 134 in the aperture plate7 intoengagement with the film. An end 135 formed onthelever 129 rides on apin 136 secured to the floor plate -6. Thus, as the crank 129 rotates,the pawls 1 27 and 128 drivethe film 53 to the left in FIG. 6 until theyare brought downout of engagement with the film in responseto rotationof thecrank arm 129. Thereafter,

The coating operation will continue as the film is rewound onto thesupply reel until theprocessing compothe pawls-are brought up beneaththe plane of the film, as suggested by the dotted lines in FIG. 6, backto a position in which they can engage the next pair ofsprocket holes117, and then undergo another advance Stroke. 1 i

v A projection 137 formed on an extension 138 of the hub of the crankarm 131 is adapted to releasably engage a detent 139 urged against thehub 138 by a spring 140 compressed between the detent 139 andafixedsupport 141. That causes the pawl to stop in the dotted line position,out of engagement with the film, when the drive for the shaft 132 isdisengaged in a manner to be described.

As described above, when the pawls 127 and 128 engage an elongatedsprocket hole such as 118 in FIG. 4,

the film will continue to be advanced. However, when a more elongatedsprocket hole, such as 119 in FIG. 5,

is encountered, having a spacing equal to three of the sprocket holes117, both pawls 127 and 128 will fail to engagethefilm, and film advancewillcease, even though the shaft 132 continues to rotate.

Further details of the motion picture producing and sound editing systemwill next be described with reference first to FIG. 7. As there shown,the pocket 2 that is adapted to receive the cassette described above is,in

I the vlocator pin extends cassette in the'pocket.

part, formed in theho'using by two walls described above';*i-.e., thefloor. plate 6 and the wall 36 normal thereto, through which certaincooperating parts of the system extend. The pocket 2 is further definedbyian Y end wall 148 and a sidewall 149 opposite the wall 36.

As described above in connection with; FIG. 3, there is an end wallsegment 15, not shown in FIG. 7, opposite the end wall 148. Along thewall 149 are mounted a 4 pair of suitably insulated contacts 150 and-15lthat are adapted to engage the contact terminals 59 and 60 formed on thecassette.

The control. circuits-166m timess'upply energizing current for theclutch magnet CM over a lead 167.

Control inputs are provided to thecircuits 166 by switches and camsschematically indicated at 168, over leads generally designated 169.They control circuits 166 at times provide energizing current over alead 173 toenergize a cassette ejector disabling solenoid SL1.

I Other circuits, schematically indicated at 174, affect The apertureplate 7 referred to above that is mounted on the floor plate 6 isshownin FIG. 7 to comprise a framing aperture 152 that defines-themargins of the portion of the film in the cassette tobe projected.

Besidethis. aperture 152' is the slot 134 through which the film drivepawl,desc"ribed above, is adapted to protrude for engagement with thefilm in a cassette in the pocket- 2. Another symmetrical pair of slots153 and 154; are formed in the aperture plate 7. There slots are adaptedto receive ;a pair of pressure plate raising arms,- to be described,which serve at times to disengage the pressure plate 78 of FIG. 4 fromthe film53, for purposes to appear. v A floor plate 155 is formedintegral with the housing I 3, coplanar with the floor plate 6 andnormal to the wall 36. On this plate 155 are mounted most of theoperative parts of the system to be described.

Energy for the system is arranged to be supplied from a suitable sourceofalternating current, such as a 60 I:lz,

120 volt source, connected to a pair 'of terminals 156 and 157. Theterminal 157 is shown connected to a reference ground, for convenience,and the terminal 156 is connected over contacts of an on-off switchSZ tomechanical andjelectrical power supply elements here the operation of afilm reel drive motorcontrol circuit generally designated 175.

The motor controlycircuit 175 is also influenced by a motor reversingswitch MR that performs its control function over leads schematicallyindicated as a single lead 176. The output of the motorcontrol circuits175,

illustrated at 177 and 17.8, is supplied to energize a conventional DCmotQriDCMI to cause it to rotate in elther of two opposite directions,in a manner to appear.

shaft l64,'driven by the motor ACM when the clutch magnet'CM isenergized, serves as the main pro-' gramming shaftfor directingtheoperation of the film drive, projection and audio recording andreproduction system under the influence of mechanical and electricalsignals supplied by the cassette. Auxiliary shafts schematicallyindicated at 179 are driven by the shaft 164 as will be describedinfurth'er detail below. A main cam shaft 180 is driven from'the shaft164 bymeans synchronously-with the shaft 180, to control the sound shownschematically in FIG. 7 as a conventional DC power'supply 158, and'aconventional combined AC motor and transformer ACM. As will appear, the

- The outputshaft 160 of the motor ACM drives a fan I schematicallyindicated M161, and also drives the input side 162 of a conventionalelectromagnetic clutch 163 having an output shaft 164. The shaft 164 isadapted to be driven from the shaft 160 through the clutch 163 when aclutch magnet CM is energized in a manner to appear. Anotherelectromagnetic clutch, to

be described below and not shown in FIG. 7, is driv ng by the shaft 160,for purposes to appear.

The fan 161 supplies air for cooling a projection lamp, to be described,and may also be used to supply air to the'cassette to aid in drying thefilm after it is coated with processing composition.

The power supply 158 provides DC voltages for energizingvarious otherelements of the apparatus. as will appear. ln'particular, the powersupply 158 is con- 'nected over leads schematically indicated at 165 tocontrol circuits schematically shown at 166. r

schematically shown in FIG. 7 as a pair of bevel gears 181. Anadditionalshaft 182 is driven by the shaft 164 array in a manner to bedescribed below.

The shaft is supported in bearings schematically indicated at 183 and184,fixe d with respect to the plate 155. Carried onthe shaft 180 are anumber of cams, several of which control switches, to be described. Inparticular, 'the'switches and cams 168 are driven by the shaft 180, andcomprise a number of elements to be described. below in conjunction withFIG. 13. Only those parts are shown in FIG. 7 which are convenientlydisplayed in fragmentary and schematic form, to illustrate thefunctional relationship betweenthe elements of the system and indicatetheir relative location.

Two drive control cams 185 are symmetricallydisposed on theshaft 1'80and affixed thereto. Theseflcams serve at times to drive a spindle plate186 towards the wall 36.

The spindle plate 186 comprises a bar of metal or the I like, providedwith. integral guide flanges 187 at its ends. The flanges 187 areslidable in ways, suggested at 188, formed integral with walls 189 and"19 The spindle plate 186 is normally urged to the position shown inFIG. '7 by a pair of compression springs 191 located between the wall 36and the spindle plate 186. When so moved by the cams 185, the spindleplate moves toward the wall 36, where it may be latched at times by astop l92,.as described in detail in the abovecited copending US.application Ser. No. 227,080.

Also carried on the shaft 180 is a program disc 193 formed with threeslots 194 disposed 120 degrees apart on the disc. These slots serve tolocate program stops,

as shaftfangles on the cam shaft 180, by engagement with a detentschematically shown at 195. The detent 195'comprises an element 196adapted to engage the slots 194, and urged into engagement therewith bya spring 197. The spring 197 extends between the element 196 and asupport 198 fixedto the plate 155.

' thereto.-

. A -blinder contro1'cam199 is disposedon the shaft;

180' and affixed'thereto'. It isgarranged to operate a blinder generallydesignated 200fthrough a cam follower 201 formed integral with theblinder 200 and V adapted to engage thecam 19 9. This blinder and itsop- I 180 and serves to control the position of the motorreversing'swit'ch 'MRL That-relationship will be described below 'inmore detail in connection with FIG. 14.

A snubber engaging cam 204 is fixed to the shaft 180. This cam at timesdrives a snubber stop 205 through the port-41 in the wall 36 forengagement with the snubber hub 82 in a cassette insertedin the pocket2.

The snubber stop 205 is normally urged back into the -'port 41 bymeans-of asprin'g206 acting between the wall '36 and a collar 207formedon the snubber stop.

A cam 208 for controlling the position of the sound array 13 is mountedon the shaft'l82 to be drive'nsynchrono'usly with the snubber controlcam 204. The

cams 204v and 208 may be shaped-andorientated, in a manner to bedescribed, so that the'sou'nd array and the snubber stop are engaged anddisengaged simultaneously.

A drive sprocket 212 for the-supply reel of a cassette in'the pocket 2,and a-drive' sprocket 213 for the tak eup reel, are' mounted on thespindle plate'186. These drive sprockets are adapted to protrude throughthe ports. 37 and 38 in the wall 36 when the spindle plate 186 is driventoward'the wall 36 by the-cams 185. 7.

, The sprocket 212 is formedjintegralwith'a shaft 214. A. collar 215. isformed integral with the shaft 214. An other collar 216 is'detachabl'ysecured to the shaft 214 by-means schematically'shown'as cooperatingthreads formed on the'part's. This collar 216 may be integral with asplined extension-217 that. engages correspondof a drive shaft219. i

The shaft 214 and the collars 215 ing splines 218 formed in acylindrical bore in the end and 216 cooperate with bearingsschematically, indicated at 220, mounted in the spindle'plate 186 toallow the shaft 214 to rotate in the spindle plate,-while preventing itfrom being translated along the axis of the shaft 214 with respect .tothe plate 186. The splines ,2-18 and the splined extenmounted forrotation thereon. Y

. 18. translationally fixed relative to the plate 155, but

The shaft 219 is connected to one side of a conventional slip clutch224, and the shaft 223 is similarly connected to one side of aconventional slip clutch-225.

Each of'the shafts 219 and 223 is at times driven through its'associatedslip clutch, and at othertimes is driven from the associatedsprockets212 and 213, as

' ,will appear,

-A vaned ferromagnetic element 226 is mounted on the shaft 223forrotation therewith, carrying its vanes past a conventional magnetic reedswitch S5 such that the switch S5 is opened and closed a number of timesduring each revolution of the shaft 223. The switch S5 provides an inputsignal to'a motion detector, in a manner fully described intheabove-cited-US. application Ser.'No. 227,080.

.The slip clutches 224 and225 are arranged to be driven at times by theDC'motor DCMl through means next to be described As schematically,indicated, the motor DCMl is provided with an output shaft 227. Theshaft 227 drives a bevel gear 228. The gear. 228 drives a pair of shafts229 and230- in opposite directions through bevel gears 231 and 232,respectively. The

shaft -229is connected to one side of a conventional one-way clutchschematically indicated at 233, and the shaft'230 is connected to oneside of a conventional one'-way clutch2 34.. v i When the shaft 229 isrotated in the direction .of the arrow in FIG. 7, the clutch 233 will beengaged and drive the slip clutch 225 through ashaft 235. When the shaft229 is rotated in the' opposite direction, the clutch 233 will bedisengaged. Similarly, when the shaft 230 is rotated in the direction ofthe arrow in FIG. 7, the clutch'234 will be disengaged. When the shaft230'is rotated; in the opposite directiomthe clutch 234 will be engagedto drive the shaft 219 through the slip clutch 224 by means of anintennediate shaft 236.

The foot pedal 42 mounted adjacent the floor plate 6 the pocket 2 'willnext be described in its relation to the locator pin 159, with referenceto FIGS. 7 andv 10. As best shown in FIG. 10, the "foot plate 42 isprovided with a downwardly depending arm 237 which exsion 217 cooperateto allow the shaft214 to be driven by the shaft 219, while allowingrelative translational 1 motion between the shafts 214 and 219. Thus,the shaft 214 'may be fixed relative .to the base plate 155 againsttranslational motion, while rotatable with respect The sprocket 213 maybe rotatably-mounted against tends through a suitable aperture in thefloorplate 6 to a transverse arm 238, formed integrally with the footplate 42 and the arm 237-, and extending over beneath 7 the wall 36-toan upwardly extending arm 239.

The arm 239 extends up through a suitable aperture in the base plate 155to an'end 240 formed integrally therewith. The end 240 is connected to alever 241. The lever 241 is spaced at one end from the base plate 36 bymeans of a conventional spacer 242, and is pivoted to the wall 36 by apin 243. At the opposite end,

the lever 241 is formed with upstanding yoke arms 244 that surround theport 40, through which thelocator' pin is adapted to protrude.

' The lever 241 is spaced from the adjacent the yoke'arms 244 We spacer245 secured to comprising splines 221 affixed to the sprocket 213 andcooperating with splines 222 formed in a shaft 223, in

. the manner described above, to allow. the sprocket 213 to be drivablyconnected to the shaft 223 while free to I slide'axially with respectthereto. The shaft 223 is also the wall 36. When the foot pedal isdepressed, the lever 241', isrotated to carry the yoke arms 244 out ofthe way of the recess 40, for purposes to appear. The [ever 241. andinterconnected parts, includingthe footpedal 42, are urged intotheposition' shown in FIG. '10 by a spring 246 secured to the base plateby means schematically indicated at 247.. a

Referring next to FIG. 11, the locator pin 159 is formed integral with acollar 250-that engages the yoke wall 36a the end

1. Sound editing and reviewing apparatus for a sound motion pictureproducing system comprising a housing adapted to receive a cassettecontaining a strip of motion picture film bearing a sound track, aviewing screen mounted on said housing, a loudspeaker, a microphone, acontrol button, means mounting said first control button for movementbetween first and second positions, a second control button, meansmounting said second control button for Movement between first andsecond positions, control means in said housing engageable with the filmin a cassette received by said housing for sequentially transporting thefilm through a sequence of movements comprising an advance movement anda return movement, a servomechanism engaged with the film during saidadvance movement for moving a portion of the film past a sound stationat a uniform speed determined by the average speed of said advance, asound transducer, means for engaging said transducer with the soundtrack on the film when said servomechanism is engaged with the film,means actuated by said control means for projecting images on the filmonto said viewing screen during said advance movement, firstinterrupting means actuated by said first control button in its secondposition and effective during said advance movement for interruptingsaid advance movement and starting said return movement, secondinterrupting means actuated by said first control button when returnedfrom its second position to its first position for interrupting saidreturn movement and resuming said advance movement, means actuated bysaid second control button in its second position during said advancemovement for connecting said microphone to said transducer, and meansactuated by said second control button in its first position forconnecting said transducer to said loudspeaker.
 2. The apparatus ofclaim 1 further comprising means actuated by the movement of said firstcontrol button from its first position to its second position for movingsaid second control button to its first position if it is in its secondposition.
 3. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising means forpreventing the movement of said second control button to its secondposition when said first control button is in its second position.
 4. Asound motion picture producing and sound editing system, comprisinghousing means forming a receptacle adapted to receive a film cassettecontaining a strip of film movable in opposite directions past the soundstation and a projection station spaced from the sound station, firstdrive means engageable with the film for moving the film in a first ofsaid directions past said stations, second drive means engageable withthe film when said first drive means is disengaged for moving the filmin a second of said directions, a sound transducer, means mounting saidsound transducer in said housing means for movement between a firstposition in engagement with the film in the sound station and a secondposition out of such engagement, means for moving said sound transducerto its first position when said first drive means is engaged, means formoving said sound transducer to its second position when said firstdrive means is disengaged, a first manually operable control elementmovable to first and second positions, a second manually operablecontrol element movable to first and second positions, means responsiveto the movement of said first control element to its second positionwhen said first drive means is engaged for disengaging said first drivemeans and engaging said second drive means, means operable when saidfirst control element is moved from its second to its first positionwhen said second drive means is engaged for disengaging said seconddrive means and engaging said first drive means, a recording microphone,means actuated by said second control element in its second positionwhen said first drive means is engaged for connecting said recordingmicrophone to said transducer, a loudspeaker, and means actuated by saidsecond control element in its first position when said first drive meansis engaged for connecting said transducer to said loudspeaker.
 5. Theapparatus of claim 4 further comprising means actuated by movement ofsaid first control element from its first position to its secondposition for moving said second control element to its first position ifit is in its second position.
 6. Sound motion picture production andsound editing apparatus, comprIsing a housing having a viewing screenmounted thereon and a loudspeaker mounted therein, a portable controlunit, an electrical cable connecting said control unit to said housingfor movement over a range including a position from which said screen isvisible, a microphone mounted on said control unit, a first controlbutton mounted on said control unit for movement between first andsecond positions, a second control button mounted on said control unitfor movement between first and second positions, said housing beingformed with a recess adapted to receive a cassette containing a strip offilm bearing a sound track and mounted for movement between first andsecond extreme positions, control means in said housing engageable withthe film in a cassette in said recess for sequentially transporting thefilm through a sequence of movements comprising an incremental advancefrom its first extreme position to its second extreme position followedby a continuous return movement to its first extreme position, aservomechanism engaged with the film during said incremental advance formoving a portion of the film past a sound station at a uniform speeddetermined by the average speed of said incremental advance, a soundtransducer, means for engaging said transducer with the sound track onthe film when said servomechanism is engaged with the film, meansactuated by said control means for projecting images on the film ontosaid viewing screen during said incremental advance movement, firstinterrupting means actuated by said first control button in its secondposition and effective during said advance movement for interruptingsaid advance movement and starting said return movement, secondinterrupting means actuated by said first control button when returnedfrom its second position to its first position for interrupting saidreturn movement and resuming said advance movement, means actuated bysaid second control button in its second position during said advancemovement for connecting said microphone to said transducer, and meansactuated by said second control button in its first position forconnecting said transducer to said loudspeaker.
 7. The apparatus ofclaim 6, further comprising means actuated by the movement of said firstcontrol button from its first position to its second position for movingsaid second control button to its first position if it is in its secondposition.
 8. The apparatus of claim 6, further comprising means forpreventing the movement of said second control button to its secondposition when said first control button is in its second position. 9.Sound motion picture production and sound editing apparatus, comprisinga housing having a viewing screen mounted thereon, a loudspeaker, amicrophone, a first control button, means mounting said first controlbutton for movement between first and second positions, a second controlbutton, means mounting said second control button for movement betweenfirst and second positions, said housing being formed with a recessadapted to receive a cassette containing a strip of film bearing a soundtrack and mounted for movement between first and second extremepositions, control means in said housing engageable with the film in acassette in said recess for sequentially transporting the film through asequence of movements comprising an incremental advance from its firstextreme position to its second extreme position followed by a continuousreturn movement to its first extreme position, a servomechanism engagedwith the film during said incremental advance for moving a portion ofthe film past a sound station at a uniform speed determined by theaverage speed of said incremental advance, a sound transducer, means forengaging said transducer with the sound track on the film when saidservomechanism is engaged with the film, means actuated by said controlmeans for projecting images on the film onto said viewing screen duringsaid incremental advance movement, first interrupting means actuated bysaid fIrst control button in its second position and effective duringsaid advance movement for interrupting said advance movement andstarting said return movement, second interrupting means actuated bysaid first control button when returned from its second position to itsfirst position for interrupting said return movement and resuming saidadvance movement, means actuated by said second control button in itssecond position during said advance movement for connecting saidmicrophone to said transducer, and means actuated by said second controlbutton in its first position for connecting said transducer to saidloudspeaker.
 10. The apparatus of claim 9, further comprising meansactuated by the movement of said first control button from its firstposition to its second position for moving said second control button toits first position if it is in its second position.
 11. The apparatus ofclaim 9, further comprising means for preventing the movement of saidsecond control button to its second position when said first controlbutton is in its second position.